Ang, kultura ay mga katangi-tanging kaugalian at ibat ibang paniniwala sa isang lugar o pangkat. Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela Poblacion II, Malinta, Valenzuela City PANANALIKSIK SA WIKANG CEBUANO AT WIKANG ILOKANO ABM 11-7 Samahang Kabuyogan MEMBERS Dale Allen Casimero Erika Gaile Deroa Kimberly Ann Lanuza Syril S. Makilan . Ang pangkat etniko ay grupo ng mga tao na may mga pagkakatulad o pagkakahawig sa kultura lengguwahe tradisyon this lesson is lesson in mapeh. 3. [5] Pagkakakilanlan[baguhin| baguhin ang wikitext] Ang mayorya sa mga Kankanay ay kawangis ng mga Nabaloi. During the American Period, Ang tradisyong ito ay minana pa sa kanununuan at itinuro ng mga elders ang mabuting paraan kung paano maging kasama ang isang namatay. A violation is considered unethical and the person who may have done it is censured. Kultura at Tradisyon ng mga Igorot Ang Igorot ay isang primitibong pangkat etniko sa Pilipinas. Ang Igorot ay isang primitibong pangkat etnikosaPilipinas. However, the ritual observance is not only limited to healing the sick. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Their knowledge of their calling is enriched by the tutoring of older priests. III.Kankana-ey and IbaloyPerception on this Form of Beliefs and Its Effects on the Living. (1876) Ngunit ayon naman sa monograph na pinamagatang Aesthetics and Symbolism as Reflected in the Material Culture of the Benguet Ibaloi, ang karamihan sa mga Ibaloi ay naninirahan sa dakong timog at sa dalawang-katlo ng silangang bahagi ng Benguet. ''tonoton/debek''--- spirits that live in swampy areas. Also, reports of raids of the mountain people on the lowlands and the flight of fugitives to the mountain areas caught once again the attention of the Spanish colo nizers. POLITICAL HISTORY: THE EARLY BEGINNINGS. In any ritual administered by the native priest, the elders insist that the taboo be strictly observed during celebration. It is believed that the effective healing process of any ritual lies in the firm observance of the taboo. ANITO/IKALUTAAN, that live in the ocean, rivers, lakes, springs, caves, rocks, ravines, bushy trees and shrubs and abandoned buildings and in the groundso many that the native priest identify them in groups according to their dwelling places and could be everywhere. It is believed that as the moon progresses to a next cycle which is the full moon, the celebrating family looks to a progressive and prosperous life. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. We've updated our privacy policy. May anim na etnolinggwistikong grupo sa parte ng mga pook na tinitirhan ng mga Igorot: ang Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Isneg (o Apayao), Kalinga, at Kankanaey. In appreciation to the favors granted, it is customary practice to celebrate thanksgiving feasts in honor of the Kabunyan and their Ap-apo/kaapuan. Ang tinatawag na mga pangkat-etniko sa Pilipinas ay maaaring ipakahulugan na isang pag-uuri o sarilinang pagkakakilanlan ng mga Pilipino batay sa kanilang lipi, wika, relihiyon, o kasaysayan. The SlideShare family just got bigger. time, it eventually become a general reference to the territories of the Iggorotes peo pled by the Ibaloi, Kankanaey, Kalangoya, and other minor tribes. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. WHILE old tradition is seen amongst the diminishing natural heritage for Millenials, the Province of Benguet seems to say otherwise as the various forms of cultural inheritance and practices is preserved. >< Among others are example of healing and thanksgiving prayer: (Amlag Prayer Lobon Prayer) on a separate pages. Tags: Question 4 . Composition: Land: Mt. I n Spirits invoked in these occasions are the KABUNYAN, known to be twelve, AP-APO/KAAPUAN and the ancestors of the celebrating family. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Mga Susing Salita: adivay, Adivay festival, festival, kultura, wika, pangkat-etniko, kagamitan, kasuotan, awit/musika, sayaw Back to top About About Scribd Press Our blog Join our team! Kilala rin sa tawag na Wikang Hiligaynon. These rituals are performed to inflict harm to the enemy in the form of sickness, curse, accident, misfortune or death. Mga liks na atraksiyon ang Yungib Sumaguing ng Sagada at mga yungib ng mummies sa Benguet at Mt. Sa bawat yugto ng ating kasaysayan, ito ang siyang nagbubuklod at, gumagabay. The first to hold the gongs and other ritual instruments are the elders in the community. 6.Counseling of families who are beset by successive deaths, ''gupo''/''ebasel''. When the moon gradually changes to look round it is called ''teke / pingil'' - full moon and ''manbakas / dened'' - last quarter. Slicing and distribution of meat has to be done and/or supervised by elders, possibly those who had been celebrating ritual feasts. It is further believed that these unseen beings (spirits) can be manipulated by man to his advantage. Halloween peg sa pagsirit ng presyo ng langis, ikinarelate ng netizens. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Retrieved from https://philippineculturaleducation.com.ph/cordillera-administrative-region-car/. B.As to generosity, the spirits are classified as: Generally, all spirits are regarded as good, however, the degree of goodness and badness of the spirits depends on their perception of man's actions. , ding ebedensya Siguro Pangyayari : makulimlim Ang kalangitan hinuha :Tila Pangyayari : Si Jm ay kumuha Ng tinapay hinuha :Siguro Pangyayari: malinis Ang bahay hinuha :, pa explain po ang label in relationship thank you, Bakit gusto mong sumakay sa mga luma at istenles na jeepney kaysa sa modern jeepney?A. Province at Benguet. Sagana ang rehiyon sa mga reserbang minahan, bagaman nakasentro ang pagmimina sa Benguet. Others may start from a lower stage as a step to attaining the higher one. The playing of gongs, ''gangsa'' follows appropriate ritual patterns. Ifugao at Benguet kung saan naman The two main ethnic tribes, ''kankana-ey'' and ''ibaloy'' are not far apart in their belief system, except that they are dissimilar in linguistics. In cases where there is excess of meat, it is shared to the neighbors who failed to attend the feast. Ayon kay Betbet, ang Ibaloi at maging ibang tribu sa rehiyon, ay inaaalay ang sarili sa yumaong kapamilya, lalo na kapag ang isang namatay ay kilalang lider ng tribu sa komunidad. Cordillera Administrative Region is politically subdivided into 6 provinces. Parties and witnesses are summoned to shed light as basis for a decision. Ang mga katutubo ay binubuo ng Bantok, Ibaloy sa Benguet, Ifugao, Isneng sa Apayao, Kalinga, Kankanay atTanguian sa Abra. Mas Bagong Post Mga Lumang Post Home. ***>BENDIYAN; CHUNGAS; KOSDEY; BATBAT; SEDPANG AND BANGKILAY are exceptions only for the Ibaloys. Napakalaki ng paghanga natin sa kultura ng Benguet. CulturEd: Philippine Cultural Education Online. Marami sa kanilang mga dasal ay patungkol sa pagliligawagan, pag-aasawa at pag-aanak. Travels, Travails & Triumphs of Igorot Cordillerans in Europe - Featuring the works of. Ang wika ay batay sa kultura. KULTURA 4. Movements and settlements were in search of rich hunting grounds, fertile valleys and abundant resources of the earth, rivers and seas, and places of barter and trade. inces. Knowing their attributes and whims is important as a basis to classify said spirits as to hierarchy and generosity. The degree of offense of man against the spirits is the measure of the degree of his punishment curable only by appeasing the spirits. Even though the city have adjusted to globalization having incorporated modern buildings, its roots have been protected. Benguet was established as a Province in 1899 under the First Philip pine Republic with Juan Oraa Ahino Carino appointed as Governor and Presi dent of the Board. B. Nag-uunahan sa pamamahala 2.Palay at kamote ang kanilang itinatanim sa mga hagdan-hagdang palayan. Ang dalawa sa pinaka-ginagamit na wika ay ang Bisaya at Tagalog. Ang Lungsod ng Baguio ay dating bahagi ng lalawigan bago pa man ito nag-sarili, noong gawin ang karta pang-lungsod. Ang Cordillera ay nahahati sa anim na probinsya, ito ang Apayao,Abra, Kalinga, Mt. The priests are therefore counsels of the people in times of joy, sorrow and distress. Spanish authority and presence in the Pais de Igorrotes commandancias, however, were intermittent and limited to the capital rancherias. GROUP 2 (ARISTOTLE). Composing the last group are numerous spirits collectively called underworld spirits. All Rights Reserved. Ayon kay Betbet, ang kagandahan lang ay kasama sa bakuran ang isang yumaong mahal sa buhay, na parang balewala lang dahil pakiramdam mo ay kapiling mo siya sa loob ng bahay. Ang probinsiya ng Benguet ang kabisera ng CAR. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Ayon sa senso ng 2020, ito ay may populasyon na 137,404 sa may 36,824 na kabahayan. 3. SONA: Kultura at tradisyon ng La Trinidad, Benguet, sinisikap pasiglahin GMA News Follow State of the Nation is a nightly newscast anchored by award-winning broadcast journalist, Jessica Soho. Huling binago noong 10 Pebrero 2023, sa oras na 04:19. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Tydings-Mc Ang Benguet ay isang walang baybayin na lalawigan ng Pilipinas sa Cordillera Administrative Region sa Luzon. With this belief, the people strive to win the favor of the spirits using prayers and material offerings in a ritual. answer choices . 2023 JNews - Premium WordPress news & magazine theme by Jegtheme. Katutubong Panitikang Filipino (Kasaysayan ng Panitikang Pilipino) Ni: G. Ale Scrapbook ng mga Produkto at Kalakal sa Iba.docx, Q3 ARALIN 4 ANG NINGNING AT ANG LIWANAG.pptx, aralin3-ibat-ibangsistemangpang-ekonomiya-210908020410.pdf, Ang_mga_pagbabago_sa_panahon_ng_mga_espa.pptx, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. C. Napabilis ang pagpapalaganap ng Kristiyanismo The territories of Lepanto and Amburayan were divided and placed under the provinces of Ilocos Sur, La Union and the sub-provinces of Benguet and Bontoc. ''tomongao''-''pinad-ing''--- for mountain spirits, 2. Intermittent incursions into the Benguet Mountains and the unceasing resistance of the people by shrewdness and the spear were recorded in military and religious journals. Kultura at tradisyon ng La Trinidad, Benguet, sinisikap pasiglahin. The BESKA/BESKAL which is the first time that the moon emerges in a half circle is the best period to celebrate the ritual. Bagaman ang Pilipinas ay nasakop ng Espanyol sa napakahabang panahon, napanatili ng Igorot na malaya sa kanilang impluwensya. Apektado ng pangyayaring ito ang malakas at tradisyonal na sining na paglililok sa kahoy. 6. Willie Revillame, hinihilot na raw lumipat sa Eat Bulaga kapag nag-babu ang TVJ? A widower or divorcee is not given these tasks. > shiva and ''ngilin'' are Ibaloy words. Bahagi ito ng programa sa pagbibigay ng awtonomiyang politilal sa rehiyon at sagot sa ka- hilingan ng rebeldeng Cordillera Peoples Liberation Army. 3. II.Knowing their attributes and whims is important as a basis to classify said spirits as to hierarchy and generosity. THE MOSSY FOREST HEIGHTS OF THE SOUTHERN CORDILLERA MOUNTAIN RANGE CONSTITUTE A NATURAL EAST AND SOUTHEAST BOUNDARY, Pulag and other high mountains. I do realize that these said customs are just a few and are not representative of the whole Igorot group. One such example is the Tam-awan village where their hundred year old native artifacts and architectures like the "Bulol" and nipa hut are all located here. Each family member has a role to play when a member of the community dies. Nahahati ang lalawigan sa labing-tatlong bayan. Powered by Culture Laboratory Philippines. Sila ay maingat sa pagpili ng makabagong mga pananamit. Ang mga taga Cordillera ay mahahati sa ibat ibang pangkat ito ay mga Ibaloi, Kankana-, ey, Isneg, Tinggian, Ifugao, at Kalinga. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Even just knowing the prayers for these sorcery rituals is prohibited by the elders. The ritual prayer may be expressed in various dialects spoken in the locality. One of the bastions of the First Philippine Republic was in Benguet where the President of the Philippine Congress, Mr. Vicente Patemo, Sr. took refuge and protection. The 12 goddesses, Kabunyan are: Bangan, Bugan, Pe-ey, Yapeng Lingen, Ubang, Angban, Angtan, Apinan, Daungen, Tengnan and Ibaga. On September 1, 1909, Benguets capital town, Baguio was established as a chartered city and its stead, the township of Tuba, was created. Apayao,Abra, Kalinga, Mt. Which of the following are true? The taboo involves the disciplinary aspect attendant to the. Each material offering is for a specific purpose in a specific ritual. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. > Most of these are violent spirits, consisting of groups of spirits. Quibungan, Palina, Ampusongan, Ytogon and Atoc. We use cookies to ensure you get the best browsing experience. It is believed however that spirits of the different races can be addressed to in the manbunong's native dialect. * Since the pre-Christian times, the manbunong occupies an important place in the priestly ministry, who acknowledges and performs the desired ritual cure. Ayon sa . Art can take any kinds of form such as paintings, sculptures, architecture and much more. Counseling of individual or family who suddenly lost their material wealth. A lucrative production and trade of tobacco was then undertaken by the Igorrotes outside Spanish government control, which was not subject to tax. The performance of these rituals are strictly done in secluded places with only the mambunong and the performing person. They are consulted in healing the sick, in comforting the victims of misfortune and in the offering thanks to the deities for fortunes received. 2 points Ang kultura ay mga katangi-tanging kaugalian at iba't ibang paniniwala sa isang lugar o pangkat etniko. When taken as a defense against the bad intention of a hostile foe, the performers of this ritual do it to defend themselves against the effects of the ritual performed against them or neutralize the tension. Ang Cordillera ay nahahati sa State of the Nation is a nightly newscast anchored by award-winning broadcast journalist, Jessica Soho. HOW BENGUET GOT ITS NAME, The name Benguet was first pronounced in La Trinidad, a thriving settlement at the crossroads to the lowland trading sites during the period of Spanish expeditions. Pangunahing pang-akit ng pandaigdigang turismo ang mga payyo, lalo na ang nsa Banaue, at deklaradong UNESCO World Heritage Site. Ito ay may lawak na 2,769.08 kilometrong parisukat at umabot sa 446,224 ang bilang ng mga taong nakatira dito ayon sa census na ginawa noong taong 2015. Isa sila sa mga katutubong pangkat na hindi gaanong naimpluwensiyahan ng mga Espanyol nang sakupin nila ang Pilipinas mula ika-16 hanggang ika-19 dantaon. Q. . Thus, the book A Peoples History of Benguet states: Salitang sumasalamin sa kinabibilanganng bawat isa. Ito ang kanilang sagradong tela na gawa sa hinabing abaka. Whitmarsh, a journalist by profes- sion, appointed as Civil Governor. Ipinagmamalaki dito ang kasaganahan ng mga bulaklak sa Baguio gayun din ang mayamang kultura nila kung kaya't ito ay dinarayo taon-taon ng mga turista. There were no political subdivisions or subjugations. Benguet, together with Abra, Apayao, Baguio City, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Mountain Province comprise the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in Northern Luzon. Ito ay pinagsisikapang i-preserba ng Gobyerno upang mapanatili ang lahi nila. As to hierarchy, the maker of the universe, the ADIKA-ILA/ MENGOS-OSCHONG, is the highest and powerful of all the spirits and his realm is in the skyworld. One person, one language. Minsan nga, yong iba inuuwi sa kanilang lugar sa kahilingan ng kamag-anakan,para mailibing sa kanilang bakuran, pero gumagastos din doon sa ritwal.. A person may suffer the bengat in the form of an allergy such as itchy skin, nose, ears, private skin and the skin itchiness may worsen to a skin disease if not healed immediately. This is so because of its indiscriminate use by persons whose intention is to wish harm on innocent persons. In the Gregorian calendar, the lunar month corresponds to a calendar month. ***The tomongao also keeps the gold, silver and other minerals and controls the disposal of the same. etniko. ''pinten/pinchen''--- spirits of people dead by accident, drowning and having committed suicide. Sila ay naninirahan samay Cordillera, sa isla ngLuzon. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito. Included in the territories of these commandancias were portions of the present- day municipalities of Bakun, Mankayan and Buguias. You don't read French, but you mention the research in your paper, citing the article you read. Ang wika ay may kapangyarihang lumikha. The Ibaloy call theirs as ''Kedot'', ''Chilus'' or ''Kecheng''. ''pamakan/legado''(legion)--- the spirits of those who died in battle and in accident do not go to the skyworld but remain on this earth. Marahil Pangyayari: Si Josh at ermil ay pinaniniwalaan Ng lahat ay nakikinig Sa kanila Hinuha:Baka pangyayari: Sila ay nanigurado at kumuha Ng matin Ang kabundukan ng, Cordillera ay tila tanikala ng mga bundok kayat tinaguriang spinal cord o galugod ng Hilagang, Luzon. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. The native priests are the chosen spiritual leaders in the community well versed in the belief system (in every community there is always a ''Manbunong''). The ''dilus/chilus'' ritual is offered. ** However, no ''mambunong'' has ever written a book on rituals, this is so because oral ritual customs are both secret and sacred to both tribes. Benguet was established as a Province in 1899 under the First Philip pine Republic with Juan Oraa "Ahino" Carino appointed as Governor and Presi dent of the Board. In 1664, the fierce and relentless resistance of the Benguet people made the Spanish rulers decides to withdraw attempts at subjugation.as well as the pursuit of Benguet gold. Sila ay nag migrate at nanirahan sa probinsya ng Mankayan. Mt. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Malakas ang turismo sa rehiyon. That these unseen beings are called spirits thought to have power over man. 30 seconds . We use cookies to ensure you get the best browsing experience. The Benguet people regard rituals and feasts as a fulfillment of their aspirations as well as a cure to their illness. Galing sa salitang "Ipugo" na ang ibig sabihin ay "mulasa mga burol" sila ang gumawa ng Rice Terraces na walang gamit na makina, ginawa nila ito sapamamagitan ng kanilang kamay. The people of Benguet called Igorrotes by the Spanish colonizers remained free and independent until the decree on tobacco monopoly. Ang salitang Igorot ay ipinangalan ng mga Espanyol sa etnikong grupong ito bilang tawag sa mga tribong hindi nila nakolonisa sa Luzon. Such spirits: are offered thanksgiving rituals. Ang lalawigan ng Benguet ay bahagi ng Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR). The Kabunyan gave these gifts to people whom they favor. 2. Parties and witnesses are summoned to shed light as basis for a decision. pursuance of a healing and favorable effect of the ritual. The ritual ministry can not be transferred by formal schooling neither seminar-workshop nor private sessions can make a manbunong; >>> It is the ADIKAILA (unseen) who gave man the power of the ministry. Province at Benguet. The folks perform it for various purposes as follows: 1.To welcome an omen of good luck, with the belief that such omen will increase ones chances of becoming rich; 2.To counteract a bad omen so as to evade the ill effect; 3.To strengthen ones chances of winning a case, a contest, a conflict or a game of chance; 4.To ask the KABUNYAN and the spirits protection, guidance and good luck before going on a journey or in time of movement; 5.To ask the favor of the KABUNYAN and the ancestors to bless ones newly established project; 6.To ask the KABUNYAN to bless ones newly acquired property; 8.As a house warming in occupying a new home; 9.To ask the Almighty, ADIKAILA to bless the newly planted field for a bountiful harvest; THE HEALING RITUALS OF THE KANKANA-EY AND IBALOY, > KEDAW / KECHAW > TANONG / TANONG, > SANGBO / SANGBO > SOBSOBOT / SEBSEBOT, > LIYAW DIYAW > BEGNAS / BEGNAS, > DENET / BALAK > DANGTEY / DANGTEY, > PETED / PETTAD > TOMO / TEMMO, > DAW-ES / CHAW-ES > BOSALAN-BAWBAWI / SUKDUT, > POCPOCLEY / POKPOKLEY > ES-ESET / MANSINGPET, > SABOSAB / SABOSAB > DAWDAWAK-ANAWANG-MAKSIL, > BASING / KE-SOG > TOMONGAO: BAYANI-LEBEK /DEBEK, > LAWIT / DAWIT > KIAD / KIYAD DIPAT, > PAKDE > LET-WAD, > PAMAKAN-LEGADO > LOBON - KAFE SAPNAK, > EPAS > AN-ANITO / KESCHENG. Jeric Raval, kinukuwestyon ng mga netizens; paano raw pinalaki si AJ? In this case when a manbunong is performing the ritual of healing, he is communicating with the spirits to relieve the affected person of his sufferings; After which the manbunong comforts the afflicted assuring him the cure because the ritual was done well according to the wishes of the spirits. SURVEY . Sa tuwing binabangit ang salitang Igorot, hindi Magbigay ng dalawang pagkain na kinahihiligan ng mga Igorot at taga Luzon. Baguio was named the capital of Benguet. Namatay ang tinaguriang political kingkpin ng Benguet noong Disyembre 18,2019, dahil sa sakit. Hangga't maaari, pinananatili ng mga Igorot ang kanilang katutubong kultura at pamayanan. On the other hand, the spirits not being offended and trespassed remain to be benevolent as protectors and providers to man. Noong 14 Pebrero 1995, ang Kalinga-Apayao ay pinaghiwalay bilang dalawang lalawigan. You can read the details below. In V. Almario (Ed. La Trinidad ang kapital nito at napapaligiran ng Pangasinan, La Union, Ilocos Sur, Mountain Province, Ifugao, at Nueva Vizcaya. ''pinten/pinchen''--- spirits of people dead by accident, drowning and having committed suicide. Spanish missionaries likewise came into the mountains either with the expeditions or by themselves. Ito ay ang Tam-awan Village na tinutungo ng tao para masilayan ang kagandahan ng kapaligiran at lalo na ang maranasan ang yaman ng kulturang Cordillera. Parallel to the malevolent is the benevolent unseen who is thought to be the supreme one who gave man the power to counteract the malevolent in the form of rituals. Hence, to understand Western concepts, the worship of idols, images, temples and sacred places are flatly paganism and the worshippers are called pagans. Sa lalawigan ng Benguet, na kinabibilangan ng Ibaloi, Kankanaey at Kalanguya tribe ay may pagdiriwang din na kakaiba, karamihan sa kanila ay inililibing ang yumaong mahal sa buhay sa kanilang bakuran at makapiling kahit na ito ay patay na, isang tradisyon at kaugalian sa lalawigan at sa iba pang probinsya sa rehiyon ng Cordillera. instituted under the military jurisdiction of the lowland prov La Trinidad then was a settlement around a lake alive with wildlife, wallowing carabaos dotted with patches of taro, rice, gabi and camote. Incio > 2022 > junho > 10 > Uncategorized > kultura ng benguet. Ano ang sinusuot ng mga babaeng Igorot? The malevolent unseen are the ones preying on the lives of men, women and children like robbers or kidnappers for ransom. 2 DepEd, Pagbabakuna sa mga mall tuwing weekend, itinigil na rin ng QC govt, Herlene Budol, nakatakda nang lumipad pa-Uganda, humiling ng panalangin sa fans, Instant millionaire! Ang mga awit, sining, kasabihan, kagamitan, at mga selebrasyon ay ilan rin sa mga bagay-bagay na bumubuo ng tinatawag natin na kultura . Ang lalawigan ng Benguet ay nahahati sa 13 bayan at kasama ang Lungsod ng Baguio. Ibaloi- Matatagpuan sa Timog Silangan ng Benguet. Ang Wikang Pilipino, na mas kadalasang kilala Mula Mankayan ay may mga nagmigrate naman sa mga probinsya ng Kibungan, Bakun at Buguias, particular sa hilagang kanluran ng probinsyang Benguet. Ang dahilan ay ang pagiging bulubundukin ng kanilang lugar. Get the latest breaking news and stories in the Philippines and around the world from GMA News Online.