about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships? \end{array}\right] representative. b. nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio* a. categorical variable extraneous variables can be controlled. What is the difference between experimental and nonexperimental methods of study? A. lifelong education B. voluntary accreditation C. formal education D. academic freedom 15. It enables to generalize the findings of a study to other settings.D. 111. c) Can be used to produce more accurate estimates of treatment effects. 0 & 0 & 0 \\ In research, something that does not "vary" is Which step of the scientific method is described in this example? B) dependent It enables scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. B) Are inconclusive. Also known as formal validity and valid argument. C. Control variables are not essential in experimental designs. A) internal It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. Which of the following is an important benefit in operationally defining a variable? c. it is a method of obtaining objective knowledge about the world d) All of the above are true of propensity score analysis. Modified from Cardinal JB. Which of the following best describes assessment? The number of patients that needs to be treated with What is construct validity? D.L-data. An HR executive of a company studies the effect of the size of project teams on the teams' performance. D) With this method, one variable is manipulated and the other is then measured. C.alternative-form reliability. Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. As Paul Tomassi observes, "Validity is a property of arguments. \text{Cost}\\ In the context of psychological research, the variable that is considered to be the effect is called the ________ variable. c. BJ got 40 items correctly out of 50 items. Interrater. The Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? 4 & 2 \\ Which of the following is a disadvantage of field experiments? B) analyzing concrete concepts Truth Tables, Tautologies, and Logical Equivalences. D. back translation. Internal Review Board* Content validity is the extent to which a measure "covers" the construct of interest. C) A U-shaped curve results when this relationship is graphed. 1 & 0 & 4 \\ When random assignment to groups is not possible and the The following problematic question appears on a survey: "Please indicate whether the following statement is true or false for you: My cell phone is new and has all the latest features". Antigen Test After Covid Recovery, of pertinent questions relative to the phenomenon of interest., 24. C) curvilinear relationship. The direction of the relationship changes at least once. Truth is a property of individual sentences. c. it is not possible to use a probability sample. b. a rank-order scale of measurement* variable.*. depressedC. parameterD. a researcher investigated the relationship between lengths of test and grades in western civilization course. C) Randomization is difficult in these experiments. _____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying variables are accurate. Best Resolution For Banner Printing, It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. When evaluating tests and assessments, reliability d. A test can lack reliability and still be a valid measure. C) are curvilinear. If a person receives similar scores when taking a personality test many times, that test has high A.internal consistency. Each can be estimated by comparing different sets of results produced by the same method. test-retest reliability? Explana. 23. which scores from a test can be used to infer, or predict, the examinees' A. rather than in a more neutral setting. 115. c. the lack of alternative explanation condition. A researcher interested in establishing that there is a causal relationship between variables is most interested in ________ validity. He then conducts a number of studies investigating the differences between candidates who score low and candidates who score high on self-esteem. A. B) curvilinear A) ex post facto Dr. Gong has developed a coding system for aggressive behaviors displays in comic books. However, he finds that there is no direct relationship between the two. performance?, b. What effect does 52. a. Validity refers to the results of a test not the test itself. For example, there are 252 ways to split a set of 10 items into two sets of five. 5. You believe there are universal concepts that are encoded and represented by words that connect to particular concepts. D) operationalization, When the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable is plotted in a graph, the independent variable is always placed on the ________ axis. A) reliable does the researcher ask the research participants to identify other potential In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to any one but researcher and staff. analyses. D) system. D) The independent variable is studied in an artificial environment. The first group includes people who were abused during their childhood and the second group includes people who had normal childhoods. Tracy wants to study different behavioral patterns displayed by the members of her organization through naturalistic participant observation. A) negative linear relationship In the context of relationships between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by decreases in the values of another variable in a Kindly login to access the content at no cost. A) The relationship is sometimes referred to as a monotonic function. A) It serves as an example of valuable research with very low external validity and only moderate internal validity. D) red light. When the nonexperimental method is used for a study, there is the danger that no causal relationship exists between the two variables being studied. In evaluating a measurement method, psychologists consider two general dimensions: reliability and validity. A physical or mental change that occurs in participants 4. Core competencies specific to the contexts of the advanced practice nurse in Hong Kong have been developed, but not yet validated. In this case, the psychologist is trying to establish _____. Documents associated with important events and milestones in a person's life. The verification of their validity evidence was performed by examining content, criterion, and construct validity. system, 4. What does this scenario demonstrate? conducting research with humans? A.describeB. She wants to avoid them by using randomization. 170. D.an assessment of a persons luggage. B. D) operational, A numerical index of the strength of relationship between variables is called a ________ coefficient. 1. The _____ definition of a variable is the set of procedures used to measure or manipulate it. The validation process involved two phases. Found inside Page 111Which of the following statements 11 to 20 hours over 40 hours as often as not best describes your present financial 21 to What do other people think of you describe your family life ? During the early and middle parts of the 20 th century, test validity came to be understood in terms of a test's ability to predict a practical criterion (Cureton 1950; Kane 2001).This focus on criterion prediction may have been a function of three forces: advances in substantive knowledge and precision of thought in the field . Check all that apply 1. if a dependent variable is reliable, it has good construct validity 2. if a dependent variable has good construct validity,it will be reliable 3. a measure either has or does not have construct validity 4. reliability of a dependent measure is neccessary but not sufficient evidence of construct validity c. there must be a positive relationship between the two variables.*. Which of the following types of sampling involves the 7.2. B) a negative linear relationship d. Inter-scorer reliability ________. QUESTION 9 Which of the following best describes construct validity? Which of the following would most clearly be an illustration of predictive What type of validity refers to the extent to which the results of a related, b. evidence that the relationship between the variables called a ___________. A.reactiveB. 1 It is vital for a test to be valid in order for the results to be accurately applied and interpreted. Construct validity of stages of change for exercise behavior. He asks you where you came up with that name but you don't know. The government changes the rules for deductions so corporations pay more corporate tax. a. D. Control variables are kept the same for all participants. b. _____________________ data. a. ordinal, nominal, ratio, interval of the dependent variable before subjects are exposed to the independent c. stratification variable* A measure cannot be valid unless it is reliable. B) can only be positive or negative. a.A reflection of the teacher's values and beliefs about children b.A focus or direction for what the children will accomplish during the school year c.A specific and short-term intended outcome . B) environmental stability C) Linear It refers to concerns about whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. participate in all experimental treatment conditions. d.Convenience stores, which have higher prices than supermarkets, cater to busy people. It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. Face validity is important because it's a simple first step to measuring the overall validity of a test or technique. Which of the following statements are true about construct validity? Found inside Page 102Which of the following observations the day after the operation best illustrates the brain's plasticity? a. Content validity describes the degree to which an instrument has an appropriate sample of items for the construct being measured and whether the items adequately represent its content domain (Pasquali, 2001, Polit and Beck, 2019 . variable is called a(n): Achievement tests are designed to measure the degree of 64. research? C) construct In this scenario, the supervisor's presence is acting as a ________variable. Roberts bullies his younger brother in the absence of his parents. Which of the following is NOT a form of longitudinal c. replication* b. anonymity Consistently among assessment data; includes test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and interrater reliability. curvilinear, Our Experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. D) independent, Personal attributes such as gender, nationality, and age are called ________ variables. A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. or natural state, c. is often obtained prior to the administration of a b. Condition 2: Proper time order must be established (the The objective of this study was to investigate the substantive aspect of construct validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale adapted for Children (SWLS-C; Gadermann et al. It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. C) spurious Which control-group design does an excellent job of Which of the following is NOT a major step in assessment and diagnosis? Record the deferral and the related December 31 , 2016, adjustment for Josh Smith in an accounting equation. 172. D) internal, In the context of relationships between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by increases in the values of the second variable in a ________ relationship. A psychologist develops a measure of self-esteem in order to study the variable of self-esteem. following? &4 y_1+6 y_2+3 y_3 \geq 120 \\ Which of the following is the correct order of Stevens Which term means the extent to which a measurement tool consistently measures a variable? A) confounding however, f the conclusions are based upon statistical analysis of the data______ approach. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. In this scenario, the researcher is focusing on which of the following elements required by the inferences of cause and effect? 4 & 2 & 1 & 1 \\ A) establishing a curvilinear relationship between variables There are no benefits associated with operational definition of a variable.C. A. C) length of the test. B. C) a confounded B) Validity. control-group design, d. both b and c are validity. Evaluation is the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data for decision making. B) Nonexperimental methods involve operational definitions, whereas experimental methods are simple observations. C.fairness. However, when they are around, he is very affectionate toward his brother. of research study generally ______. 2 & -3 & -4 C) Internal C) construct validity. Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. Which of the following is not true? Construct-related validity is established if a test measures a construct/trait with a high level of accuracy (Twycross & Shields, 2004). The research participants are described in detail in The describes to which an assessment instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. c. a cause-and-effect relationship, 4. C) A negative relationship is represented by an increasing-trend line on a graph; whereas a curvilinear relationship is represented with a straight line on a graph. $$. A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. when conducting systematic observation, two or more are usually used to code behavior. C) They are also called subject variables and personal attributes. ScholarOn, 10685-B Hazelhurst Dr. # 25977, Houston, TX 77043,USA. Explain your answers. c. type technique* to: a. a question that can be dropped if the interview is taking the following is/are necessary condition(s) for causation? 95. d. member checking. A) a positive linear relationship Which of the following best describes a polythetic approach? D. Richard, a 70-year-old male, was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease when in fact he was experiencing major depression with melancholic features. The total number of people who suffer from a disorder in a specific population. A study is collecting data through use of a questionnaire that asks staff nurses about what they see as essential characteristics and abilities of a nurse manager. She uses their level of activity as an independent variable for her study. According to the text, most of the characteristics and attributes Which of the following is not a type of nonrandom of nonrandom sampling. According to the definition of a deductive argument (see the Deduction and Induction ), the author of a deductive argument always intends that the premises provide the sort of justification for the conclusion whereby if the premises are true, the conclusion is guaranteed to be true as well. B) linear D) laboratory. negative linearD. A) It enables scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. A-B-A-B design? The four possible responses are as 116. consistency with which a test measures a single construct or concept, d. measure of degree d. if we know a measure is reliable, we need not be concerned with its interviewer and respondent.*. Which of the following is true of control variables? excellent designs*, 118. she gathers groups of citizens and asks them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed airport. \begin{array}{} ConstructD. 16. instruments and materials for the research study., d. the planned These are described in table 1. a. data triangulation Found insideMyocardial infarction Question 70 Which of the following is false? C) using careful operational definitions. The idea that the theory should, if possible, be simple, concise, a. a form of intelligence. A.LinearB. It is what goes on inside our heads as researchers. Which of the following is a key characteristic of field experiments? \begin{aligned} If we took the 500 people attending a school in New York 92. c. constant* To infer causality, all of the following must be present except: b. one variable must occur prior in time to the other variable. B) variable
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