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(a) What is the definition of a motor unit? Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD 3. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Attachments: A broad origin on the upper regions of the spine, with each origin attaching several vertebrae higher or to the skull. Gluteus medius and minimus are hip abductors and medial rotators. Bilateral contraction of the muscle results in extension of the vertebral column at all levels, while unilateral contraction produces ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the vertebral column. 7 Which is the most extensive form of fascia? What are the differences between a male and a hermaphrodite C. elegans? From lateral to medial, these are the iliocostalis, longissimus and the spinalis muscles. The specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum, called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), stores, releases, and retrieves calcium ions (Ca++). The deep back muscles, also called intrinsic or true back muscles, consist of four layers of muscles: superficial, intermediate, deep and deepest layers. There is a risorius muscle located on either side of the lips in . Superficial Fascia Traditionally, it is described as being made up of membranous layers with loosely packed interwoven collagen and elastic fibers. Muscles would lose their integrity during powerful movements, resulting in muscle damage. Deep to the multifidus are the small rotatores (rotator muscles), which are the deepest of this muscle group. Reading time: 21 minutes. Each layer contains specific muscles listed below. Is our article missing some key information? Muscle fibers are composed of myofibrils which are composed of sarcomeres linked in series. Deep refers to structures closer to the interior center of the body. due to a medical procedure). Did all those muscle facts get you excited? Formed mainly by myosin, Thin and Thick filaments overlap at the ends, 1. This system divides the deep and superficial adipose tissue of the face and has region-specific morphology. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. 2. The five layers from superficial to deep are: S- Skin: It is thick and has large number of hair follicles and associated sebaceous glands. The thin filaments extend into the A band toward the M-line and overlap with regions of the thick filament. Endomysium. A sarcomere is defined as the region of a myofibril contained between two cytoskeletal structures called Z-discs (also called Z-lines or Z-bands), and the striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibers is due to the arrangement of the thick and thin myofilaments within each sarcomere (Figure 10.2.2). Structure and Function. muscle cell membrane. In one female specimen, the superficial temporalis demonstrated extensive insertions into the zygomatic process and temporomandibular joint. Register now Typically a muscle spans a joint and is attached to bones by tendons at both ends. Muscles attach to bones directly or through tendons or aponeuroses. Major Surface Muscles Biceps brachii- origin: Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle above the superior lip of glenoid fossa Short head: Coracoid process of scapula and upper lip of g. Dogs Muscular System Just like with humans dogs have voluntary and involuntary muscles. 3. The behavior of the entire medial gastrocnemius (MG) superficial and deep aponeurosis structure was investigated with velocity-encoded phase-contrast, spin-tag, and three-dimensional morphometric magnetic resonance imaging. Contains thick and thin filaments, Series of elements that are hydrophobic with a globular end that is hydrophilic, 1. An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. These muscles lie between the spinous and transverse processes of the vertebral column, deep to the erector spinae muscles. The superficial veins are located within the subcutaneous tissue whilst the deep veins are found deep to the deep fascia. Likes. Which type of chromosome region is identified by C-banding technique? The skin is superficial to the muscles. Why does Gary Soto's work seem autobiographical? Open menu. Having many nuclei allows for production of the large amounts of proteins and enzymes needed for maintaining normal function of these large protein dense cells. Transverse (T) Tubules, 4. The displacements and strain of both these aponeuroses, muscle length, and t Each compartment contains a bundle of muscle fibers. From superficial to deep the correct order of muscle structure is? Some skeletal muscles are broad in shape and some narrow. It is deep to the superficial pectoral muscles (descending and transverse pectoral muscles). 4. Like the multifidus, the rotatores are also present along the entire length of the vertebral column, but are more prominent and best developed in the thoracic region. Deep veins are thicker than superficial veins and buried throughout the most inner parts of the body below the skin. Collectively, they carry the vast majority of the blood. Superficial muscles are close to the surface of the skin. They are commonly used in both human and zoological anatomy to describe the location or direction of bodily structures. I am currently continuing at SunAgri as an R&D engineer. o Straight (superficial) sesamoidean ligament: extends from the proximal sesamoids to the proximal end of P2 in the horse, inserts between insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon. The H zone in the middle of the A band is a little lighter in color because it only contain the portion of the thick filaments that does not overlap with the thin filaments (i.e. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart, Chapter 20. However, it can also be said that the bones lie deep to the muscles. 2. (c) What is the double strand of pearls described in the video? Portions of the epimysium project inward to divide the muscle into compartments. All of these muscles are innervated by the segmental branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves, and are supplied by several arteries along the various regions of the vertebral column. The deep muscles of the back are a group of muscles that act to maintain posture and produce movements of the vertebral column. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single cylindrical muscle cell. The superficial muscle layer is composed of the splenius muscles (spinotransversales muscles), which are the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. Skeletal muscle fibers are organized into groups called fascicles. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The coronal plane (frontal or Y-X plane) divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front) portions. The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups - superficial, intermediate and deep: This article is about the anatomy of the superficial back muscles - their attachments, innervations and functions. Superficial fascia is thicker in the trunk than in the limbs and becomes thinner peripherally. The heavy chains consist of a tail region, flexible hinge region, and globular head which contains an Actin-binding site and a binding site for the high energy molecule ATP. As opposed to superficial. They originate from the transverse processes of C7-T11 vertebrae and travel inferolaterally to insert between the tubercle and the angle of the corresponding rib below. The deep veins accompany the major arteries and their branches and are usually paired. Cross-bridge formation and filament sliding will occur when calcium is present, and the signaling process leading to calcium release and muscle contraction is known as Excitation-Contraction Coupling. The deep back muscles extend along the entire length of the spine. 1,3-6,9 The temporalis muscle has two fasciae. Each individual muscle fiber is covered in an insulating fibrous connective tissue called endomysium. Summary origin gluteus maximus: ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, and sacrotuberous ligament Quiz Type. Who were the models in Van Halen's finish what you started video? Explore. The musculophrenic artery supplies the superior part of the superficial anterolateral abdominal wall. The light chains play a regulatory role at the hinge region, but the heavy chain head region interacts with actin and is the most important factor for generating force. The iliocostalis thoracis is supplied by the dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries, while the dorsal branches of the lumbar and lateral sacral arteries supply the iliocostalis lumborum. Sarcolemma. This article will introduce you to the anatomy and function of the deep muscles of the back. Epimysium 2. Calculate the pressure, velocity, temperature, and sonic velocity just downstream from the shock wave. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The opposite of superficial is deep. Played. The deep venous system of the calf includes the anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal veins. Myofibril 6. Bilateral contraction of this muscle draws the head posteriorly, extending the neck and thoracic spine. Popular Products of Superficial palmar arch anatomy specimens for sale by V Neck Sweater For Women - Meiwo Science Co.,Ltd from China. They originate from the vertebral column and attach to the bones of the shoulder - the clavicle, scapula and humerus. Superficial - muscles you feel through your skin--the outermost layer. The tendon and aponeurosis form indirect attachments from muscles to the periosteum of bones or to the connective tissue of other muscles. Stores Calcium, Organized units containing Sarcomeres that gives striated appearance to the muscle, 1. Other clinical features of accessory nerve damage include muscle wasting, partial paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid, and anasymmetrical neckline. The function of the intertransversarii colli muscles is to assist in lateral flexion and stabilization of the cervical spine. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. The opposite of superficial is deep, which indicates that a structure is further away from the external surface of the body. Read more. Lightest region on the ends of the Sarcomere Superficial fascia is viscoelastic (like a Tempur-like pillow). Deep refers to structures closer to the interior center of the body. Smallest unit of the muscle The lighter I band regions contain thin actin filaments anchored at the Z-discs by a protein called -actinin. Read more. a. Superficial Back Muscles b. Branches of the nerve and blood vessels follow the connective tissue components of the muscle of a nerve cell and with one or more minute blood vessels called capillaries. The Superficial Front Line starts with the muscles on top of your feet, travels up the shin bone, connects into the quads, and then up through the core into the rectus abdominis and ends in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) on each side of the neck. The attachments of the rotatores muscles are shown in the table below: The rotatores are innervated by the medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves and receive their blood supply via dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries. The tissue does more than provide internal structure; fascia has nerves that make it almost as sensitive as skin. Every skeletal muscle is also richly supplied by blood vessels for nourishment, oxygen delivery, and waste removal. Muscles which lie closer to bone or internal organs are called deep muscles. For example, the outer layers of skin are superficial to deeper layers of skin. The various parts of the semispinalis muscle are vascularized by branches of the occipital, deep cervical, vertebral and dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries. What is the function of superficial fascia? Inside each fascicle, each muscle fiber is encased in a thin connective tissue layer of collagen and reticular fibers called the endomysium. Is the scapula superficial or deep? They originate from the vertebral column and attach to the bones of the shoulder - the clavicle, scapula and humerus. In anatomy, superficial is a directional term that indicates one structure is located more externally than another, or closer to the surface of the body. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. They consist of short rotatores (rotatores breves) which attach to the spinous processes of adjacent superior vertebrae and long rotatores (rotatores longi) which attach to vertebrae two levels up. Assume that the pressure of the gas is low enough for the gas to obey the ideal-gas law to a high degree of accuracy. Unilateral contraction of the muscle results in ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine. 2020. Anatomy & Physiology by Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. 5). Back Muscles: The muscles of the back that work together to support the spine, help keep the body upright and allow twist and bend in many directions. Superficial veins can be seen under the skin. Kenhub. Bilateral contraction of these muscles extends the vertebral column, while unilateral contraction causes rotation of the trunk to the contralateral side. Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber. You will engage with fascinating videos . 1. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The plasma membrane of muscle fibers is called the sarcolemma, the cytoplasm is referred to as sarcoplasm, and the specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which stores, releases, and retrieves calcium ions (Ca++) is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (Figure 2). Start with the anatomy of the deep muscles of the back by exploring our videos, quizzes, labeled diagrams, and articles. When signaled by a motor neuron, a skeletal muscle fiber is activated. apparent rather than real. The nuclei lie along the periphery of the cell, forming swellings visible through the sarcolemma. Superficial muscles are the most visible, so body builders will spend . . It consists of several layers: a superficial fascia, a deep fascia, and a subserous (or visceral) fascia. The filament sliding process of contraction can only occur when myosin-binding sites on the actin filaments are exposed by a series of steps that begins with Ca++ entry into the sarcoplasm. Cancer Registration & Surveillance Modules, Classification & Structure of Blood Vessels, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. The blood supply of the spinalis cervicis and capitis muscles is provided by muscular branches of the vertebral, deep cervical, and occipital arteries. Objective: To determine the relative contributions of the muscles, tendons, and accessory ligaments to the passive force-length properties of the superficial (SDF) and deep digital flexor (DDF) myotendinous complexes. Sarcolemma The nerve supply to the multifidus muscle is derived from the medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves in the corresponding cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions. Cael, C. (2010). The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. 5. This process is known as the sliding filament model of muscle contraction (Figure 10.2.4). These are the most prominent muscles of the neck that you can see and feel when you rotate your head . Troponin I (TnI) binds to actin, troponin T (TnT) binds to tropomyosin, and troponin C (TnC) binds to calcium ions. These regions represent areas where the filaments do not overlap, and as filament overlap increases during contraction these regions of no overlap decrease. Deep back muscles: want to learn more about it? Superficial fascia lies just beneath the skin while deep fascia is a fibrous membrane that surrounds each and every muscle in our body and separate muscle groups into compartments. For example, skin lies superficial tomuscles which indicates that skin is closer to the surface of the body when compared to muscles. by bv3833. The superficial neck muscles are found on the sides of the neck closest to the surface. Deep varicose veins can still twist inside the body, but this isnt visible without specialised imaging equipment. How does sexual reproduction affect a population's genetic variation? The levatores costarum muscles are located in the thoracic region of the vertebral column. Superficial: splenius capitis Splenius capitis is one of the deep back muscles that is associated with rotating and extending the head and neck. 1 plays. ; Perimysium is the muscular layer, made up of connective tissue, which is located between the epimysium and endomysium layers, and which has the function of covering the muscular fascicles. It is the most superficial of all the back muscles. During contraction the myofilaments themselves do not change length, but actually slide across each other so the distance between the Z-discs shortens resulting in the shortening of the sarcomere. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. The deep back muscles act together to provide support and maintain the bodys posture, as well as to produce movements of the head, neck, and trunk. The latissimus dorsi originates from the lower part of the back, where it covers a wide area. Netter, F. (2019). Each bundle of muscle fiber is called a fasciculus and is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the perimysium. The plasma membrane of muscle fibers is called the sarcolemma (from the Greek sarco, which means flesh) and the cytoplasm is referred to as sarcoplasm(Figure 10.2.2). 5 What is the function of superficial fascia? The outermost layer of the wall of the heart is also the innermost layer of the pericardium, the epicardium, or the visceral pericardium discussed earlier. What would happen to skeletal muscle if the epimysium were destroyed? Deeply situated mimetic muscles, which receive their neurovascular supply to their anterior surface, include the buccinator, mentalis, and levator anguli oris. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Each skeletal muscle is an organ that consists of various integrated tissues. Access over 1700 multiple choice questions. The opposite of superficial is deep. Anchors Myosin in place The endomysium surrounds theextracellular matrix of the cells and plays a role in transferring force produced by the muscle fibers to the tendons. The splenius muscles both originate from the spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae: The splenius muscles are innervated by the posterior rami of the middle and lower cervical spinal nerves. I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. These actin and myosin filaments slide over each other to cause shortening of sarcomeres and the cells to produce force. The opposite of superficial is deep. The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin and provides the first barrier of protection from the invasion of substances into the body. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages, Describe the structure and function of skeletal muscle fibers. This contrasts with superficial veins that are close to the bodys surface. This means it is not limited to structures on the very outside of the body, such as the skin or eyes. Skeletal muscles maintain posture, stabilize bones and joints, control internal movement, and generate heat. 2. 49. Superficial veins are often visible under the skin and are typically thin and wispy. The soleus muscle also plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint. (d) The alternating strands of actin and myosin filaments. The intermediate layer contains the large erector spinae muscles which are sometimes called the long muscles of the back. Superficial muscles of your back and core are located just beneath your skin. Hydrophobic spheres that stick to each other and combine to form a helix, Wraps around actin to stabilize the filament, Pull and releases tropomyosin to cover and uncover myosin-binding sites on actin, Calcium concentrations that determine what Troponin's strength is on tropomyosin, Remove Tropomyosin from the myosin-binding sites on actin, Protein that covers the myosin binding sites on actin to prevent a cross bridge from forming, 1. Two muscles in the deep layer are responsible for maintenance of posture and rotation of the neck. Watch this video to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. 16 points. surrounds entire muscle. 2. A deep vein is usually a large veinway larger than the superficial veinsrunning through the muscles of the thigh and calf. Learn the attachments, innervations and functions of the deep back muscles faster and easier with our muscle charts! To test the accessory nerve, trapezius function can be assessed. The deep layer contains the transversospinalis muscle group which is made up of the semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores muscles. The epimysium also separates muscle from other tissues and organs in the area, allowing the muscle to move independently. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Feeling a bit overwhelmed? The spinalis thoracis muscle is supplied by dorsal branches of the superior and posterior intercostal arteries, and branches of the lumbar arteries. (b) Sarcomeres. The hypodermis (also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. Muscle fibers range from 10 to 80 micrometers in diameter and may be up to 35 cm long. What is the difference between c-chart and u-chart? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Their appearance is different, however, as superficial veins can tend to bulge and knot under the skin, causing a rope-like appearance. Each organ or muscle consists of skeletal muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve tissue, and blood or vascular tissue. Similarly, the function of the lumbar intertransversarii is to aid in ipsilateral lateral flexion of the lumbar spine when acting unilaterally, and to stabilize the lumbar spine when acting bilaterally. Fascia, connective tissue outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates the muscles. Epidermis Epidermis. All rights reserved. The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. Mainly thin filaments composed of Actin, Light region at the center of the A band the femoral vein is beside the femoral artery). The opposite of superficial is deep. The deep pectoral muscle (or ascending pectoral) is a strong muscle which originates from the sternum, the xiphoid cartilage adn the costal cartilages and inserts on the medial or lateral aspect of the proximal humerus in different species. The Cardiovascular System: Blood, Chapter 19. The trapezius is a broad, flat and triangular muscle. In addition to nuclei, skeletal muscle fibers also contain cellular organelles found in other cells, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. This online quiz is called superficial muscles of hindlimb. Blood vessels and nerves enter the connective tissue and branch in the cell. (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor? Vertebral, deep cervical, occipital, transverse cervical, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, and lateral sacral arteries. There are two rhomboid muscles major and minor. The first two groups ( superficial and intermediate) are referred to as the extrinsic back muscles. Chapter 1. The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. This online quiz is called superficial muscles of thigh. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. Muscle 3. Become activated Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. deep muscles of hindlimb. Contain similar components, but are organized differently, Motor fiber and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates, 1. This article is about the anatomy of the superficial back muscles their attachments, innervations and functions. (a) Z-lines. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Versus. What is the shape of C Indologenes bacteria? Myofibrils There are three different kinds of fascia as superficial fascia, deep fascia and visceral fascia. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? Curated learning paths created by our anatomy experts, 1000s of high quality anatomy illustrations and articles. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. Last reviewed: November 10, 2022 A B. Deep fascia is a relatively thick, dense, and discrete fibrous tissue layer. Superficial: In anatomy, on the surface or shallow. That includes the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboid, and levator scapula muscles in your back. The gluteus maximus is an important muscle for hip extension and lateral rotation. The rib cage is superficial to the heart. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions. The thin filaments also have a stabilizing protein, called nebulin, which spans the length of the thick filaments. It does not store any personal data. A whole skeletal muscle is considered an organ of the muscular system. Unlike cardiac and smooth muscle, the only way to functionally contract a skeletal muscle is through signaling from the nervous system. o Oblique (middle) sesamoidean ligaments: deep to . This muscle is composed of many short, triangular muscles that span the entire length of the vertebral column, but are thickest and most developed in the lumbar region. These thin filaments are anchored at the Z-disc and extend toward the center of the sarcomere. How is the fascia a connective tissue of the body?