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Nicolae Juravschi represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Seoul Games, winning two medals. [211] In two days, loans worth US$1 billion were transferred in to United Kingdom and Hong Kong-registered companies whose ultimate owners are unknown. The economy subsequently declined from 1991 to 1999. [199] For the 2004 census, Orthodox Christians, who make up 93.3% of Moldova's population, were not required to declare the particular of the two main churches they belong to. Over the 19th century, the Russian authorities encouraged the colonization of Bessarabia or parts of it by Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Bulgarians, Poles, and Gagauzes, primarily in the northern and southern areas vacated by Turks and Nogais, the latter having been expelled in the 1770s and 1780s, during the Russo-Turkish Wars;[d][38][37][39][40] the inclusion of the province in the Pale of Settlement also allowed the immigration of more Bessarabian Jews. Since 2000, however, the country's GDP (PPP) grew significantly:[17][151]. After the Romanian army occupied the region in early January 1918 at the request of the National Council, Bessarabia proclaimed independence from Russia on February 6[O.S. Government "banned all gatherings of over 50 people until 1 April 2020 and closed all schools and kindergartens in an attempt to curb the spread of the virus". The government's goal of EU integration has resulted in some market-oriented progress. On 21 December of the same year, Moldova, along with most of the other Soviet republics, signed the constitutive act that formed the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). 40,592 of them perished.[57]. Combaterea coruptiei, stabilitatea economica si intarirea institutiilor, singura cale catre succes", "Women Victims from Moldova From 1991 through 2008", "Country Comparison: Total Fertility Rate", "Biroul Naional de Statistic Comunicate de pres - Situaia copiilor n Republica Moldova", "Human Development Report 2009 Moldova", "As Health System Declined, TB Increased", "Former Soviet Nations, China Face High MDR-TB Prevalence, Study Says", "Understanding Migration, Emigration from Moldova", Moldovan Red Wines: The Best Red Wine on the Planet You Have Never Heard Of, "How This Tiny European Country Got the World's Worst Drinking Problem", "Moldova Declares Western Christmas Day Official Holiday", "Martisor, a Spring celebration for Eastern Europeans - FOREIGNERS IN UK", "Europe's poor relations show richness of spirit; Mark Souster visits Moldova and discovers a wealth of ambition at all levels in one of the game's new frontiers", S.Res.148 - A resolution to express the sense of the Senate that the United States should support the right to self-determination of the people of the Republic of Moldavia and northern Bucovina, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Commission against Racism and Intolerance, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moldova&oldid=1142489472, Romanian-speaking countries and territories, Russian-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1991, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Romanian-language sources (ro), Articles with dead external links from March 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles needing additional references from March 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with incomplete citations from December 2022, Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from October 2016, All articles that are excessively detailed, Wikipedia articles with style issues from October 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2016, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Date of proclamation. [144], The environment of Moldova suffered extreme degradation during the Soviet period, when industrial and agricultural development proceeded without regard for environmental protection. [97] She resigned on 10 February 2023.[98][99]. Ialpug flows into one of the Danube limans, while Coglnic into the Black Sea chain of limans. Most of Moldovan territory was a part of the Principality of Moldavia from the 14th century until 1812, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Ottoman Empire (to which Moldavia was a vassal state) and became known as Bessarabia. Corporate governance in the banking sector is a major concern. Produsul intern brut n anul 2012, date actualizate, Produsul intern brut n Republica Moldova n anul 2013, date actualizate, Economia Moldovei a nregistrat o crestere de 4,6%, n 2014, i constituie 111 miliarde de lei, "Economia Republicii Moldova, n SCDERE n 2015; Ultimele cifre de la Statistic", "BNS: Economia Republicii Moldova a crescut cu 4,5% n anul 2017", "Salariului mediu lunar pe economie in anul 2018 este de 6150 lei / Editorial / Monitorul fiscal FISC.md", "INS: Salariul mediu pe economie, n cretere n iunie", " 2018 ! Its capital city is Chiinu, located in the south-central part of the country. Despite being disfavored by the brief union of Angevin Poland and Hungary (the latter was still the country's overlord), Bogdan's successor Lacu, the Moldavian ruler also likely allied himself with the Poles. On 7 June, the Constitutional Court, which is largely believed to be controlled by Vladimir Plahotniuc[83] from the Democratic Party, announced that they had temporarily removed the sitting president, Igor Dodon, from power due to his inability to call new parliamentary elections as the parliament did not form a coalition within three months of the validation of the election results. Moldova joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Partnership for Peace on 16 March 1994. Locals referred to the principality as Moldova - like the present-day republic and Romania's north-eastern region. 10 other cities, including Comrat and Tiraspol, the administrative seats of the two autonomous territories, also have municipality status. When in May 1600, Michael the Brave removed Ieremia Movil from Moldavia's throne by winning the battle of Bacu, briefly reuniting under his rule Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania, a Polish army led by Jan Zamoyski drove the Wallachians from Moldavia. The most successful football club is Sheriff Tiraspol, the first and only Moldovan club to qualify for the group stage of the Champions League and the Europa League. The country is landlocked, though it is close to the Black Sea; at its closest point it is separated from the Dniester Liman, an estuary of the Black Sea, by only 3km of Ukrainian territory. [152] However, the near-term economic outlook is weak. The total land area is 33,851km2 (13,070sqmi). In 1940, as a consequence of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR). Belarus - $6,411. [134] Moldova improved its legislation by enacting the Law on Preventing and Combating Family Violence, in 2008.[135]. The official name of the country is the Republic of Moldova. Guvernul a fost nvestit n funcie cu 61 de voturi", "Criz politic n Republica Moldova. Annual rainfall, which ranges from around 600mm (24in) in the north to 400mm (16in) in the south, can vary greatly; long dry spells are not unusual. The National Library of Moldova was founded in 1832. Moldova's hills are part of the Moldavian Plateau, which geologically originate from the Carpathian Mountains. In accordance with the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812, and despite numerous protests by Moldavian nobles on behalf of the sovereignty of their principality, the Ottoman Empire (of which Moldavia was a vassal) ceded to the Russian Empire the eastern half of the territory of the Principality of Moldavia along with Khotyn and old Bessarabia (modern Budjak), which Russia had already conquered and annexed. The earliest surviving deeds referring to lands beyond the Dniester river date from the 16th century. The country also has important minority ethnic communities, as shown in the table below. Cristina Petrescu, "Contrasting/Conflicting Identities:Bessarabians, Romanians, Moldovans" in, Andrew Higgins, "In Expanding Russian Influence, Faith Combines With Firepower,", compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, second poorest country in Europe by GDP per official capita, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests, Parliament failed to elect a new president, Commission for constitutional reform in Moldova, Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine, Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, International Union for Conservation of Nature, too many charts, tables or uncontextualized data, controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova, Moldovan Intelligence and Security Service, "Vot ISTORIC: Sintagma limba romn" va lua locul limbii moldoveneti" n toate legile Republicii Moldova", "Limba moldoveneasc" dispare din toate legile Rep.Moldova, fiind nlocuit cu sintagma limba romn", "Preedintele CCM: Constituia confer limbii ruse un statut deosebit de cel al altor limbi minoritare", "Chiinu, (21.01.2021) Judectorii constituionali au decis c limba rus nu va avea statutul de limb de comunicare interetnic pe teritoriul Republicii Moldova", "Preedintele CC Domnica Manole, explic de ce a fost anulat legea cu privire la statutul special pentru limbia rus", "Recensamntul Populaiei si al Locuinelor 2014", "Numrul populaiei cu reedina obinuit pe medii i sexe, n profil teritorial, la nceputul anilor 2014-2022", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", GDP per capita, PPP (current international $), "EU awards Ukraine and Moldova candidate status", "The End of the Soviet Union; Text of Accords by Former Soviet Republics Setting Up a Commonwealth", "GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE EARLIEST PALEOLITHIC SITES (OLDOWAN) IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS AND THE EAST EUROPE", "Phase and chemical composition analysis of pigments used in Cucuteni Neolithic painted ceramics", "Cetatea Soroca a Moldovei (1499 prezent)", Letopiseul ri Moldovei, de cnd s-au desclecat ara, "Bessarabia, Chapter X: The Survival of Roumanian", "ChapterVIII: Russia organizes the province", "Mennonite-Nogai Economic Relations, 18251860", "Sfatul rii proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic", "The 1947 Soviet Famine and the Entitlement Approach to Famines", "Foametea din anii 19461947 din RSS Moldoveneasc: cauze i consecine", "Political Repressions in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic after 1956: Towards a Typology Based on KGB files Igor Casu", "Romanian Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova", "Legea cu privire la functionarea limbilor vorbite pe teritoriul RSS Moldovenesti Nr.3465-XI din 01.09.89 Vestile nr.9/217, 1989", Russia's Hostile Measures: Combating Russian gray zone aggression against NATO in the contact, blunt, and surge layers of competition, "Remittance flows to developing countries are estimated to exceed US$300 billion in 2008", "Information Campaign to Increase the Efficiency of Remittance Flows", "The protest initiative group: LDPM is the guilty one for the devastations in the Chiinu downtown", "EU flags flying on the Presidency and Parliament, to calm the masses", "Moldovan referendum appears to flop on low turnout", "Moldova going to third election in two years", "Nicolae Timofti finally elected Moldova President", "New Moldavan pro-European coalition formed", "Audit links local tycoon to $1bn Moldovan bank fraud", "Moldova, Hunting Missing Millions, Finding Only Ash", "Moldovan prime minister Pavel Filip says 'last chance' to end national crisis", "UE se autosesizeaz: Moldova se ndreapt spre dictatur! Drago established a polity as a vassal to the Kingdom of Hungary in the 1350s. 27 March]1918, the Sfatul rii decided with 86 votes for, 3 against and 36 abstaining, to unite with the Kingdom of Romania. [17] The unrecognised state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. In February, Moldova, a country of 3.5 million squeezed between Ukraine and Romania, held an inconclusive parliamentary election. Slavic languages had a big impact on . The Polish chronicler Jan Dugosz mentioned Moldavians as having joined a military expedition in 1342, under King Ladislaus I, against the Margraviate of Brandenburg. It's one of the least visited countries on the planet, which is why tourists are likely to attract lots of attention from the locals. The 1994 Constitution of Moldova sets the framework for the government of the country. 6 Moldova is a parliamentary representative democratic republic and its official language is Moldovan, a variety of Romanian. Nevertheless, Moldavia was subject to further Hungarian interventions after that moment, as Matthias Corvinus deposed Aaron and backed Alexndrel to the throne in Suceava. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. [12] Moldova is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, and the Association Trio. [216] The life expectancy in 2015 was estimated at 70.42 years (66.55 years male, 74.54 years female). The country covers an area of 33,850 km, making it somewhat larger than Belgium, or slightly larger than the US state of Maryland. Article 13 of the Moldovan Constitution names it "the national language of the country" (the . Moldova largely achieved the main objectives of the combined ECF/EFF (IMF financial credit) supported program. [79] In 2015, Shor was still at large, after a period of house arrest. [104], On 24 May 2022, the former president of Moldova, Igor Dodon, was arrested. [211], The total fertility rate (TFR) in Moldova was estimated in 2015 at 1.56 children/woman,[213] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1. [54] Uprisings against Romanian rule took place in 1919 at Khotyn and Bender, but were eventually suppressed by the Romanian Army. That, plus about 10,000Poles, brings the total number of Slavs to 545,000 in a population of 2,631,000, or about one-fifth. [citation needed], Despite a sharp decline in poverty in recent years, Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe and structural reforms are needed to promote sustainable growth. It occupies an area of 92,046 square miles and has a population of slightly more than 20 million people. After the 19901992 War of Transnistria, Moldova sought a peaceful resolution to the conflict in the Transnistria region by working with Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, calling for international mediation, and co-operating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions. strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe after Russia People and Society Population 43,528,136 (2022 est.) [227], Most retail businesses close on New Year's Day and Independence Day, but remain open on all other holidays. [202][203][204][205], As of 2015[update], Romania allocates 5,000 scholarships in high schools and universities for Moldovan students. It is home to three terrestrial ecoregions: Central European mixed forests, East European forest steppe, and Pontic steppe. An anti-government protests in front of the general prosecutor's headquarters in Moldova's capital, Chiinu. Dodon, leader of Moldova's main pro-Russian opposition, the Socialist Party, was accused of taking bribes. Moldova is divided into 32 districts (raioane, singular raion), three municipalities and two autonomous regions (Gagauzia and the Left Bank of the Dniester). Moldova is committed to a number of international and regional control of arms regulations such as the UN Firearms Protocol, Stability Pact Regional Implementation Plan, the UN Programme of Action (PoA) and the OSCE Documents on Stockpiles of Conventional Ammunition. The new Russian province was called Oblast of Moldavia and Bessarabia, and initially enjoyed a large degree of autonomy. On 19 December 2016, Moldovan MPs approved raising the retirement age to 63 years[112] from the current level of 57 for women and 62 for men, a reform that is part of a 3-year-old assistance program agreed with the International Monetary Fund. [114], In September 2010, the European Parliament approved a grant of 90 million to Moldova. [56] Between 1941 and 1944 partisan detachments acted against the Romanian administration. They are natives of Central, Eastern, Southeast, and Northeast Europe as well as Central and North Asia. [150], After the breakup of the USSR in 1991, energy shortages, political uncertainty, trade obstacles and weak administrative capacity contributed to the decline of Moldova's economy. The Moldova State University and the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, the main scientific organizations of Moldova, were established in 1946. In addition to its participation in NATO's Partnership for Peace programme, Moldova is also a member state of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Francophonie and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The dog's name, given to the river, extended to the principality.[22]. Cum a evoluat economia Republicii Moldova n ultimii 20 de ani. Flights were banned to Spain, Italy, France, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Germany, Ireland, the U.K., Poland, Portugal and Romania. Many families have their own recipes and grape varieties that have been passed down through the generations. By ethnic composition, the population of Transnistria was distributed as follows: Russians - 29.1%, Moldovans - 28.6%, Ukrainians - 22.9%, Bulgarians - 2.4%, Gagauzians - 1.1%, Belarusians - 0.5%, Transnistrian - 0.2%, other nationalities - 1.4%. The Principality of Moldavia was bounded by the Carpathian Mountains in the west, the Dniester River in the east, and the Danube River and Black Sea to the south. [144] Founded in 1990, the Ecological Movement of Moldova, a national, non-governmental, nonprofit organization which is a member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature has been working to restore Moldova's damaged natural environment. This article is about the modern state. It is estimated that, as of 2022, 43.2% of the total population live in urban areas, and that the urbanization rate is 0.09%. These include education, infrastructure, financial sector, business climate, energy consumption, pension system, and judicial framework. [43] During this time there were anti-Semitic riots, leading to an exodus of thousands of Jews to the United States.[44]. The controversial results of this election sparked the April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests. The independence of the Principality of Moldavia came when Bogdan I, another Vlach voivode from Maramure who had fallen out with the Hungarian king, crossed the Carpathian mountains in 1359 and took control of Moldavia, wresting the region from Hungary. was colonized with Slavic settlers who farmed wheat on its grasslands and became the epicenter of the country's . [58] Other forms of Soviet persecution of the population included political arrests or, in 8,360 cases, execution. [45] On April 9[O.S. In the 1994 parliamentary elections, the Democratic Agrarian Party gained a majority of the seats, setting a turning point in Moldovan politics. [92] The parliament, dominated by pro-Russian Socialists, did not accept any Prime Minister candidate proposed by the new president. The identity of the group members is still unknown. This area of present-day Moldova was inhabited by ancient Dacians and Moldovans identify themselves with their ancestors. Slavic Review 53 (2): 345-368, 1994. Between the first and seventh centuries AD, the south came intermittently under the control of the Roman and then the Byzantine Empires. Moldova's capital and largest city is Chiinu. Mihai Eminescu, a late Romantic poet, and Ion Creang, a writer, are the most influential Romanian language artists, considered national writers both in Romania and Moldova. In 2005, Moldova and the European Union established an action plan that sought to improve cooperation between Moldova and the union. Germany's broadcaster Deutsche Welle also raised concerns about the alleged influence of Moldovan oligarch Vladimir Plahotniuc over the Filip government. Moldova has 66 cities (towns), including 13 with municipality status, and 916 communes.